Load Profile Generation

This algorithm is used in LoadProfileGenerator.

Residential Buildings

The annual electricity demand is derived from CityGML data, utilizing available information on floor area and the number of residents.

Reference: Sally Köhler, Matthias Betz, Eric Duminil, Ursula Eicker and Bastian Schröter. "A holistic approach to model electricity loads in cities" NachhaltigkeitsManagementForum 29, 143–152 (2021)

Based on the calculated annual consumption, individual electricity load profiles are generated using a stochastic method. This approach leverages representative measurement data to simulate realistic, non-averaged load curves that differ from standardized profiles such as H0.

Reference: Köhler, Sally, Matthias Betz, and Ursula Eicker. "Stochastic Generation of Household Electricity Load Profiles in 15-minute Resolution on Building Level for Whole City Quarters." Energy Challenges for the Next Decade, 16^th IAEE European Conference, August 25-28, 2019. International Association for Energy Economics, 2019. (Presentation)

Non-Residential Buildings

For non-residential buildings, the electricity demand is estimated using the following formula:

Electricity Consumption = Floor Area × Number of Storeys × kWh/m² (benchmark value)

Subsequently, the total annual demand is distributed using the appropriate standard load profile for the building type.